Neurostimulation involving implantable devices represents the high-end, complex end of electrical stimulation devices, reserved for treating severe chronic conditions that are often resistant to traditional medication. These systems include technologies like Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) and Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS).

Recent technological advancements in both SCS and DBS have focused on improving battery life, reducing the need for frequent battery replacement surgeries, and developing adaptive stimulation algorithms. Modern SCS systems, for instance, utilize Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) stimulation for highly targeted, localized chronic pain relief, and new waveforms (like burst and high-frequency) that achieve pain management without the traditional tingling sensation (paresthesia).

Similarly, DBS systems are evolving to include BrainSense technology, allowing clinicians to record and monitor local field potentials in the brain. This closed-loop feedback enables the device to deliver stimulation only when needed or to automatically adjust parameters, offering highly personalized and effective treatment for movement disorders like Parkinson's disease, thereby minimizing side effects and enhancing long-term stability, as examined in the Electrical Stimulation Technology Overview.

FAQ

Q: How do new Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) systems achieve sub-perception stimulation? A: Newer SCS systems use specific high-frequency or burst waveform protocols that interrupt the pain signal pathway without generating the sensation of tingling (paresthesia) that characterized older, conventional SCS systems.

Q: What is the primary clinical application of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) neurostimulation? A: DBS is primarily used to treat the motor symptoms (tremor, rigidity, slowness of movement) of neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, and severe dystonia.